![]() A key attribute of the transformations in Sailor Moon is that they focused on exaggerating the characters' beauty through make-up and fashion, negating the link between cuteness and weakness traditionally seen in women. : 8 Up until then, magical girl series were comedic and the characters' use of magic only exacerbated social conflict. Sailor Moon (1991), whose anime adaptation was broadcast from 1992 to 1997, revolutionized the magical girl genre by combining "transforming hero" elements from live-action tokusatsu hero shows like Super Sentai and Kamen Rider with feminine interests, such as romance and child-rearing. Due to the popularity of Minky Momo and Studio Pierrot's shows, the term " majokko" had largely fell out of use in favor of "magical girl." 1990–1999: Transforming heroine and diversification Yuji Nunokawa, the producer of both Minky Momo and Creamy Mami, noted that male fans of the magical girl genre increased after Creamy Mami due to the shows' use of transformations and they enjoyed watching girls using magic to solve their problems in ways men traditionally could not. : 7 A characteristic of Minky Momo and Creamy Mami showed girls transforming into grown-up images of themselves, : 29 which has been linked to the increasing prominence of women at this time including politician Takako Doi, the all-female band Princess Princess, and pop idol Seiko Matsuda, as well as the passage of the Equal Employment Opportunity Act in 1985. : 6 In the following years, other studios besides Toei began producing magical girl anime series, such as Magical Princess Minky Momo (1982) and Creamy Mami, the Magic Angel (1983), the latter of which was the first installment of Studio Pierrot's Magic Girl Series. In 1980, Toei released Lalabel, the Magical Girl, the first instance of the term " mahō shōjo (magical girl)" being used. 1980–1989: Transition from majokko to magical girl Coinciding with the influence of the women's liberation movement in Japan, magical girls began displaying a "certain coquettishness" in the 1970s. Megu-chan has been noted in particular for its portrayal of multiple magical girls and the friendship between girls. "little witch") for the genre, especially with Mahōtsukai Chappy (1972) and Majokko Megu-chan (1974). ![]() This popularized the term majokko ( 魔女っ子, lit. Toei Animation produced most of the magical girl series of the 1970s, collectively known as the Majokko Series. : 8 The manga's 1969 anime adaptation introduced the idea of using a compact to transform, a characteristic that is still present in modern series in the genre. Himitsu no Akko-chan (1962), serialized earlier in the shōjo manga magazine Ribon, is credited as the earliest magical girl manga series. : 78 The show's concept was inspired by the American sitcom Bewitched. Sally the Witch, a 1966 anime television series produced by Toei Animation, is regarded as the first magical girl anime. The growth of late-night anime in the early 2000s led to a demographic shift for the genre, where series with more mature themes such as Puella Magi Madoka Magica (2011) were created and marketed towards an older male audience.ġ953–1971: Early magical girl works ĭespite no presence of magic, the manga series Princess Knight (1953) is seen as a prototype for the magical girl genre, as it set forth the appeal of girls who transform to do things they normally cannot perform. In the 1990s, Sailor Moon introduced the concept of a "transforming heroine" who fights against forces of evil, a synthesis of elements from tokusatsu hero shows that became a staple for magical girl series that followed. ![]() In the 1980s, the term was largely replaced by "magical girl", reflecting the new popularity of shows produced by other studios, including Magical Princess Minky Momo and Creamy Mami, the Magic Angel. "little witch") being used as a common term for the genre. A wave of similar anime produced by the studio in the 1970s led to majokko ( 魔女っ子, lit. The genre emerged in 1962 with Himitsu no Akko-chan, followed by Sally the Witch in 1966 produced by Toei Animation. Magical girl ( Japanese: 魔法少女, Hepburn: mahō shōjo) is a subgenre of Japanese fantasy media (including anime, manga, light novels, and live-action media) centered around young girls who possess magical abilities, which they typically use through an ideal alter ego into which they can transform. Wikipedia anthromorph Wikipe-tan as a majokko, the original magical girl archetype ![]()
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